Predictors of hospital readmission rate in geriatric patients

Abstract

Abstract Background Hospital readmissions among older adults are associated with progressive functional worsening, increased institutionalization and mortality. Aim Identify the main predictors of readmission in older adults. Methods We examined readmission predictors in 777 hospitalized subjects (mean age 84.40 ± 6.77 years) assessed with Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), clinical, anthropometric and biochemical evaluations. Comorbidity burden was estimated by Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Median follow-up was 365 days. Results 358 patients (46.1%) had a second admission within 365 days of discharge. Estimated probability of having a second admission was 0.119 (95%C.I. 0.095–0.141), 0.158 (95%C.I. 0.131–0.183), and 0.496 (95%C.I. 0.458–0.532) at 21, 30 and 356 days, respectively. Main predictors of readmission at 1 year were length of stay (LOS) > 14 days (p < 0.001), albumin level < 30 g/l (p 0.018), values of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 40 ml/min (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure < 115 mmHg (p < 0.001), CCI ≥ 6 (p < 0.001), and cardiovascular diagnoses. When the joint effects of selected prognostic variables were accounted for, LOS > 14 days, worse renal function, systolic blood pressure < 115 mmHg, higher comorbidity burden remained independently associated with higher readmission risk. Discussion Selected predictors are associated with higher readmission risk, and the relationship evolves with time. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of performing an accurate CGA, since defined domains and variables contained in the CGA (i.e., LOS, lower albumin and systolic blood pressure, poor renal function, and greater comorbidity burden), when combined altogether, may offer a valid tool to identify the most fragile patients with clinical and functional impairment enhancing their risk of unplanned early and late readmission.