1. Gerald Jaynes and Robin M. Williams, eds.,A Common Destiny, Blacks and American Society (Washington: National Academy of Sciences Press, 1989), chapters 2 and 3; Reynolds Farley, Charles Steeh, Tara Jackson, Maria Krysan, and Keith Reeves, “Continued Racial Segregation in Detroit: Chocolate City, Vanilla Suburbs’ Revisited,”Journal of Housing Research, Vol. 4, No.1 (1993), pp. 1–38.; Joe R. Feagin and Melvin P. Sikes,Living with Racism, The Black Middle Class Experience (Boston: Beacon Press, 1994); Louis Harris,The Unfinished Agenda on Race in America (New York: NAACP Legal Defense Fund, 1989); Tom Smith,Ethnic Images (Chicago: National Opinion Research Center, 1990).
2. Andrew Gill, “The Role of Discrimination in Determining Occupational Structure,”Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol.42, No. 4 (1989), pp. 610–623; Jaynes and Williams,Common Destiny, pp. 146-147; K. I. Wolpin, “The Determinants of Black-White Differences in Early Employment Careers: Search, Layoffs, Quits, and Endogenous Wage Growth,”Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 100, No. (1992), pp. 535-60; Glen Cain, “The Economic Analysis of Labor Market Discrimination: A Survey,” in Orley Aschenfelter and Richard Layard, eds.,Handbook of Labor Economics (New York: Elsevier, 1986), pp. 694-785; Craig Zwerling and Hilary Silver, “Race and Job Dismissal in a Federal Bureaucracy,”American Sociological Review, Vol. 57, No. 5 (1992), pp. 651–660.
3. Combined Annual Report, Fiscal Years 1986, 1987, and 1988 (Washington: U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 1988).
4. EEOC,Annual Report; see also Jomills Braddock and James M. McPartland, “How Minorities Continue to be Excluded from Equal Employment Opportunities: Research on Labor Market and Institutional Barriers,”Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 43, No.1 (1987), pp. 5–39.
5. Kenneth Arrow, “The Theory of Discrimination,” in Orley Aschenfelter and Albert Rees, eds.,Discrimination in Labor Markets (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973), p. 3.