Repeatability of Teethan® indexes analysis of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles during maximum clenching: a pilot study

Abstract

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study is to assess the repeatability of a surface electromyographic (EMG) device (Teethan®, Teethan S.p.A., Milan, Italy), designed for the analysis of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles. Materials and methods Tests were performed on a sample of 30 healthy fully dentate TMD-free individuals randomly selected. Each test consisted of two distinct recordings performed at 5-min intervals: (i) the patient is asked to clench with maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), with two cotton rolls interposed between the dental arches; (ii) the patient is asked to repeat the same clenching activity without the cotton rolls. The outcomes of the study were the EMG indices conceptualized by the manufacturing company, based on the differences between the two test conditions (i.e., clenching on cotton rolls and on dentition). Pairwise correlation analysis and ANOVA test were performed to assess the strength of correlation and the significance of differences between the results of the three trials. Results Thirty TMD-free healthy individuals (20 females and 10 males; mean age 44 years, range 16–60 years) took part in the study. ANOVA test did not show any statistically significant difference between the three trials. The Global Index, which is the mean of the other EMG indices, showed the highest correlation values between the three trials, while some other indices showed a weak-to-medium correlation level. One out of five participants showed a coefficient of variation higher than 10%. Conclusions The statistical analysis showed that the indices provided by the device are quite repeatable. However, this does not necessarily imply a specific clinical application of the device, which was here used in fully controlled experimental conditions. Clinical relevance The clinical usefulness of the applied protocol remains questionable. Further studies should test the repeatability of EMG findings gathered with this device under various circumstances, in a more heterogeneous population.