Investigation of three common centrifugation protocols for platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a bio-carrier for ampicillin/sulbactam: a prospective trial

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Different platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) protocols exist and are known to differ in resulting mechanical and bioactive properties. Centrifugation parameters may also influence drug release, in particular antibiotics, when using PRF as a bio-carrier. We thus evaluated three common protocols regarding effects on the bio-carrier properties. Materials and methods In a prospective trial comprising 33 patients, we compared different protocols for PRF as a bio-carrier for ampicillin/sulbactam (SAM). Blood samples were taken shortly after a single dose of ampicillin/sulbactam (2 g/1 g) was administered to patients intravenously. PRF was obtained by centrifugation and three protocols were used: protocol A (1300 rpm, 8 min, RCF-max = 208 g), B (2300 rpm, 12 min, RCF-max = 652 g), and C (1500 rpm, 14 min, RCF-max = 276 g). The antibacterial activity of PRF was investigated against five oral species in vitro, based on agar diffusion methodology. Results The study demonstrates that a single dose of SAM is sufficient to reach high concentrations in PRF in all protocols (150 µg/ml), which is comparable to the plasma SAM concentration. Antibacterial activity was inferred from the diameter of inhibition zones seen in agar diffusion tests using PRF discs. Protocol B resulted in the largest inhibition zones. One-way ANOVA revealed statistically improved results for protocol B for some bacteria. Conclusions The study provides valuable data on PRF antibiotic enrichment, notably SAM. A single dose of SAM is sufficient to reach clinically relevant concentrations in PRF. Clinical relevance These findings potentially extend the application of PRF, for example in patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw or in oral surgery (e.g., stick bone).