Sexual Health in Space: a 5-year Scoping Review

Abstract

Abstract Purpose of Review The combined efforts of national and private space organizations are progressively allowing more people to live and work in space. But to perform long-term spaceflights and become a multiplanetary species, we must address the intimate and sexual needs of humans. Yet, research on space sexology remains limited and fragmented. To move forward, this 5-year scoping review consolidates the current research on sexual health in space. Recent Findings Fifty publications were identified, including empirical, theoretical, and review articles, and other scholarly work, such as book chapters and a commentary. Most of the research comes from biology, with contributions from philosophy, ethics, and law, gynecology/obstetrics, aerospace medicine, gender studies, and sexology. Recent findings suggest that radiation exposure, gravitational changes, and hypomagnetic fields may detrimentally impact our reproductive health. In addition, findings suggest that several gynecological risks related to spaceflights must be addressed (e.g., cancer, pregnancy, and contraception), along with many issues related to child-rearing, population diversity, reproductive and sexual rights, and intersectionality and social justice. More research is also needed on sexual responses and behaviors and the technologies that may facilitate safe sex, intimacy, and reproduction beyond Earth. Summary Space poses significant risks to our sexual health. However, despite our space missions and objectives, this topic remains relatively understudied. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive scientific program on space sexology, one that holistically addresses the biopsychosocial realities of human eroticism. This is crucial for the well-being of our spacefaring civilization.