Nutrichemical alterations in different fractions of multiple-harvest alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) green biomass fortified with various selenium forms

Abstract

Abstract Background and Aims Wet processed alfalfa-based products can provide high-quality concentrated protein, also contain nutrients and phytochemicals. Agronomic fortification can increase selenium (Se) incorporation into green biomass. For this reason, the aim was to investigate how different forms of Se are incorporated into the green biomass of multiple-harvest alfalfa and how they affect the chemical quality of the processed product candidates. Methods In this research, alfalfa was enriched with three forms of selenium at different concentrations [selenate (Se(VI)); selenite (Se(IV)); and red elemental Se (Se0)]. The fortified green biomass was fractionated into leaf protein concentrate (LPC), fiber and phytoserum, and changes in selenium content and speciation, protein and phytochemical composition were determined. Results Total Se content in alfalfa fractions drastically reduced within the four consecutive harvests, particularly for Se(VI) and Se(IV) forms, and significantly varied according to the Se treatments. Selenomethionine (SeMet) was the predominant organic Se species in LPC (35.7–246.0 µg g −1 DW) and fiber (9.0- 47.7 µg g −1 DW) fractions. Se-fortification induced considerable changes in the crude protein of LPC, which varied between 29—45 (m/m)%. Phytochemical composition markedly varied among Se-treatments. Besides several flavonoids, aglycones and glycosyl derivatives, apigenin glucuronide, and apigenin were the most abundant with a concentration up to 170.85 µg g −1 DW. Medicagenic acid concentration was below 1.86 µg g −1 DW in LPC. Conclusions Se-enhanced alfalfa green biomass could provide functional products, such as LPC, for human and animal consumption with enhanced nutritional value, including Se, protein, and phytochemical contents.