Impacts of land use history on leaf litter input, chemical composition, decomposition and related nutrient cycling in young and old secondary tropical lowland rainforests (Sumatra, Indonesia)

Abstract

Abstract Background Nutrient cycle in tropical forests is mainly driven by litter fall amounts and by litter decay due to litter physical and chemical properties. Apart from differences in site conditions, different successional stages of tropical rainforests may influence nutrient inputs to the soil via differences in litter fall and decay. Methods We studied leaf litter fall, decomposition and related nutrient input to the soil in two secondary tropical rainforest types differing in land-use intensity and history in the lowlands of Sumatra (Indonesia). Results Mean annual litter fall was by 29.5% higher in the old than in the young secondary forests. In contrast, annual litter decomposition differed only marginally (54.9% vs. 52.1%) in young vs. old secondary forests. Litter chemical composition (C, N, P, K contents) did not differ between the forest types. Litter decomposition was also not different between the forest types (4.6% vs. 4.3% loss of initial weight per month). Consequently, annual nutrient input to the soil was primarily affected by differences in leaf litter production, thus, old secondary forests exceeded that of young secondary forests by 30% and 24% for C and N, but was not different regaring P and K among the two forest types. Conclusions The results indicate that litter nutrient inputs to the soil in the two types of secondary tropical lowland forests are most strongly influenced by aboveground litter production rather than litter chemical quality or litter decay. We conclude that the restoration status of secondary tropical lowland forests is crucial for the nutrient status of these forest ecosystems.