1. See for instance, P. Singer, Corporate Warriors: The Rise of Privatized Military Industry (New York, Cornwell University Press 2004) pp. 101–115; and D. Avant, The Market for Force. The Consequences of Privatizing Security (Cambridge, CUP 2005) pp. 225–226.
2. See House of Commons, Select Committee of Foreign Affairs Second Report of Sierra Leone, 9 February 1999, para. 4, at < http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm199899/cmselect/cmfaff/116/11603.htm#a2 >. See also Singer, supra n. 4, pp. 112–115; and P. Chapleau, Les mercenaires de l’Antiquité à nos jours, coll. Histoire (Rennes, éditions Ouest-France 2006) pp. 86–87.
3. ICTY Trial Chamber, Prosecutor v. Milošević, case No. IT-02-54, witness testimony, 26 June 2003, at 23 169 and 23 172, at < http://www.icty.org/x/cases/slobodan_milosevic/trans/en/030626IT.htm >.
4. See R. Pelton, Licensed to Kill (New York, Crown Publishers 2006) pp. 4–5. vacuum8 led to increasing calls for further clarification on the role of such entities in conflict zones and to mounting pressure to develop a regulative framework under international law.
5. See P. Singer, ‘War, Profits, and the Vacuum of Law: Privatized Military Firms and International Law’, 42 Columbia JTL (2004) p. 521.