Reference51 articles.
1. GA Res. 54/263.
2. R. Brett and M. McCallin, Children: The Invisible Soldiers, 2nd edn. (Stockholm, Rädda Barnen 1998).
3. AP I seeks to regulate the conduct of international armed conflicts; AP II the conduct of internal armed conflicts. Art. 77(2) of AP I states that: ‘The Parties to the conflict shall take all feasible measures in order that children who have not attained the age of fifteen years do not take a direct part in hostilities and, in particular, they shall refrain from recruiting them into their armed forces. In recruiting among those persons who have not attained the age of eighteen years, the Parties to the conflict shall endeavour to give priority to those who are oldest.’ In contrast, Art. 4(3)(c) of AP II simply states that ‘children who have not attained the age of fifteen years shall neither be recruited in the armed forces or groups nor allowed to take part in hostilities.’ For discussion of the provisions’ drafting and a tentative suggestion as to why the two texts diverge, see M. Happold, ‘Child Soldiers in International Law: The Legal Regulation of Children’s Participation in Hostilities’, 47 NILR (2000) p. 27.
4. See F. Kalshoven, Constraints on the Waging of War (Geneva, International Committee of the Red Cross 1987) p. 91.
5. For descriptions of the use to which child soldiers have been put, see Brett and McCallin, op. cit. n. 4; and I. Cohn and G.S. Goodwin-Gill, Child Soldiers: The Role of Children in Armed Conflicts (Oxford, Oxford University Press 1994).
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1. The Year in Review;Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law;2002