1. A variant of dualism is pluralism, expressing the plurality of national legal orders. See Partsch 1992, p. 238. See for recent analysis of the monism-dualism debate and copious references to older literature Arangio-Ruiz 2003; Gaja 2003; Wasilkowski 1996; Heiskanen 1992, p. 1-10; Partsch 1992, p. 238-242.
2. See above, note 214. See also Tomuschat 2001, p. 367. Cf. Lauterpacht 1970, p. 216-230.
3. See Fleuren 2004, p. 188; Brouwer 1992, p. 138.
4. See above, note 415 and accompanying text.
5. See Brouwer 1992, p. 252.