1. See, for example, Hollis, Ernest V.,Philanthropic Foundations and Higher Education (New York: Columbia University Press, 1938); Fosdick, Raymond B.,The Story of the Rockefeller Foundation (New York: Harper, 1952); Fleming, Donald,William H. Welch and the Rise of Modern Medicine (Boston: Little, Brown, 1954); Bremner, Robert H.,American Philanthropy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960); Corner, George,The History of the Rockefeller Institute (New York: Rockefeller Institute Press, 1964); Weaver, Warren,U.S. Philanthropic Foundations—Their History, Structure, Management and Record (New York: Harper, 1967); Nielsen, Waldemar,The Big Foundations (New York: Columbia University Press, 1972); Kohler, Robert E., “The Management of Science: the Experience of Warren Weaver and the Rockefeller Foundation Programme in Molecular Biology”,Minerva, XIV (Autumn) 1976), pp. 279–306; Brown, E. Richard,Rockefeller Medicine Men: Medicine and Capitalism in America (Berkeley: University of California Press, (1979).
2. One small but noteworthy exception to this generalisation was the early support of rural sociology by state governments. C. H. Galpin's work, which had some influence on Robert Park, is an example. See Shils, Edward,The Present State of American Sociology (Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1948), pp. 8–9.
3. Cf. Gates, Frederick T.,Chapters in My Life, (New York: Free Press, 1977), pp. 205–215.
4. Karl, Barry D. and Katz, Stanley N., “The American Private Philanthropic Foundation and the Public Sphere, 1890–1930’,Minerva, XIX (Summer) 1981), pp. 236–270.
5. On Russell Sage, see Glenn, John M., Brandt, Lilian and Andrews, F. Emerson,The Russell Sage Foundation, 1907–1946 (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1946); on Rockefeller, see Nevins, Alan,A Study in Power: John D. Rockefeller, Industrialist and Philanthropist (New York: Scribner's, 1953) and Fosdick, R. B.,op. cit. The Story of the Rockefeller Foundation (New York: Harper, 1952); there is as yet no full history of the Carnegie Corporation, though one is in preparation.