Current Status of Lithium in the Treatment of Mood Disorders

Author:

Malhi Gin S.,McAulay Claire,Fritz Kristina

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Psychiatry and Mental health,Clinical Psychology

Reference69 articles.

1. Schioldann J. History of the introduction of lithium into medicine and psychiatry: birth of modern psychopharmacology 1949. Adelaide: Adelaide Academic Press in collaboration with Brascoe Publishing; 2009.

2. Geddes JR, Goodwin GM, Rendell J, et al. Lithium plus valproate combination therapy versus monotherapy for relapse prevention in bipolar I disorder (BALANCE): a randomised open-label trial. Lancet. 2010;375:385–95. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61828-6 . This seminal study reinstated lithium’s long-term effectiveness as a prophylactic and maintenance agent in combination with valproate, and though the study was not designed to distinguish between valproate and lithium, it demonstrated lithium’s superiority in the treatment of bipolar I disorder. This study suggests that lithium in combination with valproate should be considered first-line in the treatment of bipolar disorder, and that patients that relapse on lithium should consider switching to combination therapy.

3. McKnight RF, Adida M, Budge K, et al. Lithium toxicity profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2012;379:721–8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61516-X . This study dispelled many of the myths surrounding the risks associted with lithium treatment. It indicated that lithium is in fact much safer than initally thought but that it does require regular monitoring of blood levels and other parameters. Amongst these, a new recommendation was to monitor calcium levels for potential hypercalcaemia.

4. Malhi GS, Tanious M, Das P, et al. Potential mechanisms of action of lithium in bipolar disorder. Current understanding. CNS Drugs. 2013;27:135–53. doi: 10.1007/s40263-013-0039-0 . This comprehensive review article provides a detailed up-to-date account of potential mechanisms of action of lithium, summarizing its effects at all levels from mood and cognition to brain structure and function and cellular/intracellular changes.

5. Berridge MJ, Downes CP, Hanley MR. Neural and developmental actions of lithium: a unifying hypothesis. Cell. 1989;59:411–9.

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