Entropy Optimization and Slant MHD Mixed Convection Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Within an Oblique Irregular Lid-Driven Enclosure Contains Baffles: Local Thermal Non-equilibrium Model

Abstract

AbstractThis paper explores the heat transfer by mixed convection within double lid-driven enclosures filled with Cu–Al$$_2$$ 2 O$$_3$$ 3 hybrid nanofluids. The domain contains T-shaped baffles and is filled with local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) porous medium. The wavy boundaries are partially cooled, while the inner baffles have constant heat flux conditions. Mathematical formulations for the system irreversibility in cases of LTNE, constant heat flux conditions and double diffusive are presented and analyzed. The solution methodology is depending on the finite volume scheme in case of non-orthogonal grids. The major results revealed that the alteration of the undulation number $$\lambda $$ λ from 1 to 5 gives an augmentation in values of $$\theta _\text {f,max}$$ θ f,max up to 4.57%. Also, the increase in the lengths of the baffles causes a reduction in the flow, while $$\theta _\text {f,max}$$ θ f,max is rising. Furthermore, the alteration in Ri from 0.5 to 10 gives an augmentation in $$\theta _\text {f,max}$$ θ f,max up to 12.97%.