1. Toh CL, Jupiter JB (1995) The infected non union of the tibia. Clin Orthop Relat Res 315: 176–91
2. Castillo RC, Bosse MJ, McKenzie EJ, Patterson BM (2005) Impact of smoking on fracture healing and risk of complications in limb-threatening open tibia fractures. J Orthop Trauma 19: 151–7
3. Masquelet A (1991) Les pseudarthroses infectées de jambe. In Cahiers d’enseignement de la SOFCOT, Paris: Expansion Scientifique Française 40: 177–88
4. Richmond J, Colleran K, Borens O, Kloen P, Helfed DT (2004) Nonunions of the distal tibia treated by reamed intramedullary nailing. J Orthop Trauma 18: 603–10
5. Maurer DJ, Merkow RL, Gustilo RB (1989) Infection after intramedullary nailing of severe open tibial fractures initially treated with external fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 71: 835–8