1. Akazaki, M. 1962. Studies on the sparifcrm fishes—anatomy, phylogeny, ecology and taxonomy. Misaki Mar. Biol. Inst., Kyoto Univ., Special Rep., (1), 368 pp. (In Japanese with English summary.)
2. Akazaki, M. 1984. Family Nemipteridae. Pages 174–176, pls. 164–165in H. Masuda, K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, eds. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago, 1st ed. English text and plates. Tokai Univ. Press, Tokyo.
3. English text and plates;M. Akazaki,1988
4. Bauchot, M.-L., M. Desoutter and B. C. Russell. 1983. Catalogue critique des types de poissons du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle—(Suite) (Famille des Nemipteridae). Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., (4) 5: 3–25.
5. Bleeker, P. 1851. Nieuwe bijdrage tot de kennis der Percoidei, Scleroparei, Sciaenoidei, Maenoidei, Chaetodontoidei en Scombroidei van den Soenda—Molukschen Archipel. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië, 2: 163–179.