1. Bell, Daniel A. 2010. China’s New Confucianism: Politics and Everyday Life in a Changing Society. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
2. Elman, Benjamin A. 1984. From Philosophy to Philology: Intellectual and Social Aspects of Change in Late Imperial China. Cambridge, MA: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University.
3. Fairbank, John King, and Kwang-Ching Liu, eds. 1980. The Cambridge History of China, vol. 11: Late Ch’ing 1800–1911, Part 2. New York: Cambridge University Press.
4. Gan, Chunsong 干春松. 2003. Institutionalized Confucianism and Its Dissolution 制度化儒家及其解體. Beijing 北京: Zhongguo Renmin Daxue Chubanshe 中國人民大學出版社.
5. ______. 2005. “The Practice of Confucian Religion Association and the Predicament of the Modernization of Confucianism 清末民初孔教會實踐與儒家現代轉化的困境.” Qilu Journal 齊魯學刊 3: 20–26.