1. Drip shorts are momentary arc interruptions due to metal drips bridging the electrode gap and contacting the ingot pool surface. See F.J. Zanner: Metall. Trans. B, 1979, vol. 10B, pp. 133–42 for a detailed description of drip-short signatures.
2. M.C. Flemings: Solidification Processing, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1974, p. 245.
3. T. Suzuki, T. Shibata, K. Morita, T. Taketsuru, D.G. Evans, and W. Yang: Proc. 2001 Intl. Symp. on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting, A. Mitchell and J. Van Den Avyle, eds., American Vacuum Society, Santa Fe, NM, 2001, pp. 325–37.
4. L.A. Bertram, J.A. Brooks, D.G. Evans, A.D. Patel, J.A. Van Den Avyle, and D.D. Wegman: Proc. 1999 Intl. Symp. on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting, A. Mitchell, L. Ridgway, and M. Baldwin, eds., American Vacuum Society, Santa Fe, NM, 1999, pp. 156–67.
5. L.A. Bertram, R.L. Williamson, D.K. Melgaard, J.J. Beaman, and D.G. Evans: Patent No. 6,115,404, Sept. 5, 2000.