1. Aristotle. 1996. The politics. Book 1. Sec 6. In The politics and the constitution of Athens, ed. Stephen Everson, 17. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2. Martin R. Delany. 1988. The condition, elevation, emigration, and destiny of the colored people of the United States. Salem: Ayre Company.
3. Frederick Douglass. 1982a. Country, conscience, and the anti-slavery cause: An address delivered in New York, New York, on 11 May 1847. In The Frederick Douglass papers volume 2 1847–1854, ed. John Blassingame, 60. New Haven: Yale University Press.
4. Frederick Douglass. 1982b. Love of god, love of man, love of country: An address delivered in Syracuse, New York, on 24 September 1847. In The Frederick Douglass papers volume 2 1847–1854, ed. John Blassingame, 102. New Haven: Yale University Press.
5. Frederick Douglass. 1982c. What to the slave is the fourth of July?: An address delivered in Rochester, New York, on 5 July 1852. In The Frederick Douglass papers volume 2 1847–1854, ed. John Blassingame, 364. New Haven: Yale University Press.