Amplification-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 using gold nanotriangles functionalized with oligonucleotides

Author:

del Caño Rafael,García-Mendiola Tania,García-Nieto Daniel,Álvaro Raquel,Luna Mónica,Iniesta Hernán Alarcón,Coloma Rocío,Diaz Ciro Rodríguez,Milán-Rois Paula,Castellanos Milagros,Abreu Melanie,Cantón Rafael,Galán Juan Carlos,Pineda Teresa,Pariente Félix,Miranda Rodolfo,Somoza Álvaro,Lorenzo EncarnaciónORCID

Abstract

Abstract Gold nanotriangles (AuNTs) functionalized with dithiolated oligonucleotides have been employed to develop an amplification-free electrochemical biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 in patient samples. Gold nanotriangles, prepared through a seed-mediated growth method and exhaustively characterized by different techniques, serve as an improved electrochemical platform and for DNA probe immobilization. Azure A is used as an electrochemical indicator of the hybridization event. The biosensor detects either single stranded DNA or RNA sequences of SARS-CoV-2 of different lengths, with a low detection limit of 22.2 fM. In addition, it allows to detect point mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genome with the aim to detect more infective SARS-CoV-2 variants such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. Results obtained with the biosensor in nasopharyngeal swab samples from COVID-19 patients show the possibility to clearly discriminate between non-infected and infected patient samples as well as patient samples with different viral load. Furthermore, the results correlate well with those obtained by the gold standard technique RT-qPCR, with the advantage of avoiding the amplification process and the need of sophisticated equipment. Graphical abstract

Funder

Comunidad de Madrid

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Analytical Chemistry

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