Bedside diagnosis of silent aspiration using mobile dynamic digital radiography: a preliminary study

Abstract

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to assess reliable options for bedside diagnosis of silent aspiration in the intensive care unit by examining the use of default grayscale images (DGI) obtained using a mobile, general-purpose, radiography system capable of dynamic digital radiography (M-DDR) and inverted grayscale images (IGI) of DGI. Methods This cohort study (exploratory and preliminary) involved 18 adult patients (mean age, 89.0 years) for whom a swallowing assessment request was received from their primary physicians. Fifty-six IGI videoclips were evaluated by three specialists using the penetration-aspiration scale (PAS), with the gold standard being the consensus reading of all three specialists. Another three speech-language pathologists (SLPs) assessed 56 DGI and IGI videoclips using the PAS. PAS scores 1 and 2 were classified as normal range, PAS scores 3–5 as pathological laryngeal penetration, and PAS scores 6–8 as aspiration. The correct rates with IGI and DGI were then determined, and the level of agreement of IGI and DGI evaluations was evaluated. Results The correct rate of all evaluators was 100% for normal range, 80–100% for pathological laryngeal penetration, and 83–100% for aspiration with IGI and 100% for normal range, 90% for pathological laryngeal penetration, and 83% for aspiration with DGI. The kappa coefficient for IGI and DGI showed almost complete agreement for abnormal conditions. Conclusion Dynamic imaging of swallowing 2–5 ml of liquid using M-DDR performed for elderly patients at the bedside showed that aspiration assessments by SLPs obtained from DGI videos immediately after imaging are acceptable.