1. Botan, C. (1991). A Comparative Study of Public Relations in Developed and Third World Countries. Paper delivered to the Conference of the Association for Advancement of Policy, Research and Development in the Third World. Nassau, Bahamas.
2. Botan, C. (1992a). International Public Relations: Critique and Reformulation. Public Relations Review, 18, 149–152.
3. Botan, C. (1992b). Is Public Relations a Science?: Implications of Cultural Differences and International Events. In H. Avenarius and W. Armbrecht (Eds.), Public Relations als Wissenschaft: Grundlagen und Interdisziplinäre Ansätze. Wiesbaden, Germany: Westdeutscher Verlag.
4. Boulding, K.E. (1973). The Image: Knowledge in Life and Society. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
5. Burke, K. (1935). Permanence and Change. New York.