Rising Black Unemployment: Changes in Job Stability or in Employability?

Author:

Badgett M. V. Lee

Abstract

This article analyzes the effects of changes in flows into and out of unemployment on the growing gap between black and white unemployment rates in the 1970s and 1980s. Current Population Survey data show that black workers’ unemployment inflows increased, suggesting that job instability increased. Declining employment opportunities were also implicated, as black workers left unemployment for a job less often in 1987 than in 1971. White women's situation improved considerably, with lower inflows and higher employment probabilities. Although the effects of declining federal equal employment opportunity (EEO) pressure cannot be detected, these findings are consistent with increasing racial discrimination.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Economics and Econometrics,Cultural Studies

Reference26 articles.

1. See JohnBound and Richard B.Freeman “Black Economic Progress: Erosion of the Post-1965 Gains in the 1980’s?” inThe Question of Discrimination, StevenShulman and WilliamDarity, Jr., (eds.) (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1989); John H. Donohue and James Heckman, “Continuous Versus Episodic Change: The Impact of Civil Rights Policy on the Economic Status of Blacks,”Journal of Economic Literature, XXIX (December 1991).

2. Gerald D.Jaynes, “The Labor Market Status of Black Americans: 1939–1985,”The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 4 (4) (1990), 9–24.

3. Some recent work does examine racial differences in male teenage unemployment rates, e.g., Harry J.Holzer, “Black Youth Nonemployment: Duration and Job Search,” inThe Black Youth Employment Crisis, Richard B.Freeman and Harry J. Holzer (eds.) (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1986).

4. Robert Hall, “Turnover in the Labor Force,”Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 3 (1972); Stephen T. Marston, “Employment Instability and High Unemployment Rates,”Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1 (1976); Clair Vickery, “The Impact of Turnover on Group Unemployment Rates,”Review of Economics and Statistics, 59 (November 1977).

5. Robert Hall, “Turnover in the Labor Force,”Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 3 (1972); Stephen T. Marston, “Employment Instability and High Unemployment Rates,”Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1 (1976); Clair Vickery, “The Impact of Turnover on Group Unemployment Rates,”Review of Economics and Statistics, 59 (November 1977).

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