1. Schiller LR: Fecal incontinence. In Sleisenger & Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, edn 7. Edited by Feldman M, Friedman L, Sleisenger MH. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2002:164–180. Standard textbook chapter detailing pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of fecal incontinence.
2. Mellgren A, Jensen LL, Zetterstrom JP, et al.: Long-term cost of fecal incontinence secondary to obstetric injuries. Dis Colon Rectum 1999, 42:857–865.
3. Rao SS, Patel RS: How useful are manometric tests of anorectal function in the management of defecation disorders? Am J Gastroenterol 1997, 92:469–475.
4. Whitehead WE, Wald A, Norton NJ: Treatment options for fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2001, 44:131–142. Report from a consensus conference that presents current information in the management of fecal incontinence and that points out gaps in present-day knowledge about this subject.
5. Shirran E, Brazzelli M: Absorbent products for the containment of urinary and/or faecal incontinence in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000, 2:CD001406.