Novel and inexpensive gamma radiation sensor: initial concept and design

Abstract

Abstract Purpose Early detection of tumors and their spread, particularly in lymph node illnesses, is critical for a full recovery. However, it is currently difficult due to a lack of imaging or detection devices that provide the necessary spatial depth and location information. Consequently, it would be beneficial to have a simple and cost-effective sensor device to determine the 3D position of, e.g., a lymph node in the patient’s coordinate system. Methods In this work, we present a concept and design for a novel semiconductor-based 3D detection system that uses inexpensive off-the-shelf components to measure gamma activity. A simple Arduino-type microcontroller calculates the 3D position of the probe based on the number of the measured pulse, the spatial sensitivity characteristics, and the known geometry of the device. Results The system was set up from four photodiodes (Osram BPW34), a transistor-based pre-amplifier, and a two-stage operational amplifier as the main stage. Doing so, a signal sufficient to be read by the microcontroller could be produced. The performed calculations proved that for a system consisting of at least four photodiodes, it is possible to determine precise location of a gamma radiation source. Conclusions After successful first experiments with a single diode, the optimal spatial arrangement of the diodes as well as their orientation will be determined to achieve a compact, cost effective yet fast, and accurate sensor device for every-day clinical application.