1. Harding CM, Brooks GW, Ashikaga T, et al.: The Vermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mental illness II: long term outcomes of subjects who retrospectively met DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia.American Journal of Psychiatry 1987; 144:727–735.
2. Tessler RC, Bernstein AG, Rosen BM, et al.: The chronically mentally ill in community support systems.Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1982; 33:208–211.
3. Schwartz SR, Goldfinger SM: The new chronic patient: clinical characteristics of an emerging subgroup.Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1981; 32:470–474.
4. Goldman HH, Manderscheid RW: Epidemiology of chronic mental disorder. In: Menninger WW, Hannah GT (eds):The Chronic Mental Patient/II, Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1987.
5. Taube CA, Rosenstein MJ, Rosen BM, et al.: The “chronic” mental hospital patient.Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1983; 34:611–615.