A meta-analysis of the effects of cigarette smoking on bone mineral density

Author:

Ward Kenneth D.,Klesges Robert C.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Endocrinology,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Reference111 articles.

1. Cooper C, Wickham C (1990) Cigarette smoking and the risk of age-related fractures In: Wald N Baron J (eds) Smoking and hormone-related disorders. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 93–100

2. Law MR, Hackshaw AK (1997) A meta-analysis of cigarette smoking, bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture: recognition of a major effect. BMJ 315:841–846

3. Cox ML, Khan SA, Gau DW, Cox SAL, Hodkinson HM (1991) Determinants of forearm bone density in premenopausal women: a study in one general practice. Br J Gen Pract 41:194–196 References (asterisked articles in the bibliography were included in the meta-analysis).

4. Daniel M, Martin AD, Drinkwater DT (1992) Cigarette smoking, steroid hormones, and bone mineral density in young women. Calcif Tissue Int 50:300–305 (asterisked articles in the bibliography were included in the meta-analysis).

5. Johnell O, Nilsson BE (1984) Life-style and bone mineral mass in perimenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 36:354–356. (asterisked articles in the bibliography were included in the meta-analysis).

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