1. STP;W. Elber,1971
2. J.C. Newman, Jr., Finite-Element Analysis of Fatigue Crack Propagation-Including the Effects of Crack closure. Ph.D. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, May 1974.
3. J.C. Newman, Jr., “A Crack-Closure Model for Predicting Fatigue-Crack Growth under Aircraft Spectrum Loading”, NASA TM-81941, January 1981.
4. D.S. Dugdale, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 8 (1960) 100–104.
5. STP;J.C. Newman Jr.,1982