Axisymmetric Wave Propagation Behavior in Fluid-Conveying Carbon Nanotubes Based on Nonlocal Fluid Dynamics and Nonlocal Strain Gradient Theory

Abstract

Abstract Purpose Goal for the present research is investigating the axisymmetric wave propagation behaviors of fluid-filled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with low slenderness ratios when the nanoscale effects contributed by CNT and fluid flow are considered together. Method An elastic shell model for fluid-conveying CNTs is established based on theory of nonlocal elasticity and nonlocal fluid dynamics. The effects of stress non-locality and strain gradient at nanoscale are simulated by applying nonlocal stress and strain gradient theories to CNTs and nonlocal fluid dynamics to fluid flow inside the CNTs, respectively. The equilibrium equations of axisymmetric wave motion in fluid-conveying CNTs are derived. By solving the governing equations, the relationships between wave frequency and all small-scale parameters, as well as the effects caused by fluid flow on different wave modes, are analyzed. Results The numerical simulation indicates that nonlocal stress effects damp first-mode waves but promote propagation of second-mode waves. The strain gradient effect promotes propagation of first-mode waves but has no influence on second-mode waves. The nonlocal fluid effect only causes damping of second-mode waves and has no influence on first-mode waves. Damping caused by nonlocal effects are most affect on waves with short wavelength, and the effect induced by strain gradient almost promotes the propagation of wave with all wavelengths.