Abstract
Abstract
Background
The harsh environmental conditions during space travel, particularly weightlessness, impose a major burden on the human body including the cardiovascular system. Given its importance in adjusting the cardiovascular system to environmental challenges, the autonomic nervous system has been in the focus of scientists and clinicians involved in human space flight. This review provides an overview on human autonomic research under real and simulated space conditions with a focus on orthostatic intolerance.
Methods
The authors conducted a targeted literature search using Pubmed.
Results
Overall, 120 articles were identified and included in the review.
Conclusions
Postflight orthostatic intolerance is commonly observed in astronauts and could pose major risks when landing on another celestial body. The phenomenon likely results from changes in volume status and adaptation of the autonomic nervous system to weightlessness. Over the years, various non-pharmacological and pharmacological countermeasures have been investigated. In addition to enabling safe human space flight, this research may have implications for patients with disorders affecting cardiovascular autonomic control on Earth.
Funder
University Witten/Herdecke
German Aerospace Center
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Psychiatry and Mental health,Neurology (clinical),Dermatology,General Medicine
Reference120 articles.
1. White RJ, Averner M (2001) Humans in space. Nature 409(6823):1115–1118. https://doi.org/10.1038/35059243
2. Wieling W, Halliwill JR, Karemaker JM (2002) Orthostatic intolerance after space flight. J Physiol 538(Pt 1):1. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2001.013372
3. Grigoriev AI, Kozlovskaya IB, Potapov AN (2002) Goals of biomedical support of a mission to Mars and possible approaches to achieving them. Aviat Space Environ Med 73(4):379–384
4. Patel ZS, Brunstetter TJ, Tarver WJ, Whitmire AM, Zwart SR, Smith SM, Huff JL (2020) Red risks for a journey to the red planet: the highest priority human health risks for a mission to Mars. NPJ microgravity 6(1):33. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-020-00124-6
5. Davis CM, Allen AR, Bowles DE (2021) Consequences of space radiation on the brain and cardiovascular system. J Environ Sci Health C Toxicol Carcinog 39(2):180–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/26896583.2021.1891825
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