The imbalance between Bregs, Tfh, and Tregs in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis

Author:

Li Yatong,Zhang Jing,Liu Lei,Cui Shilei,Sun Houliang,Jiang Hanqiu,Guo Yanjun,Zhang Jingxiao,Xie Zhuxiao,Wang JiaweiORCID

Abstract

Abstract Objective To detect the alteration of regulatory B cells (Bregs), follicular helper T cells (Tfh), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) frequencies in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis. Analyze their association with clinical severity and activity, and explore the effects of different immunotherapies on those immune cell subsets. Methods We enrolled 21 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, 22 patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), 14 patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), and 20 healthy controls (HC) in our study. The frequencies of various immune cell subsets were determined using flow cytometry. Results Compared to patients with IIH and HC, the frequencies of CD24hiCD38hi transitional B cells as well as Tregs were significantly lower while the frequency of Tfh was significantly higher in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The frequency of CD24hiCD38hi transitional B cells was significantly lower in the acute stage than in the recovery stage, and was negatively correlated with the modified Rankin scale (mRS) and the clinical assessment scale for autoimmune encephalitis (CASE). The frequency of CD24hiCD38hi transitional B cells at the last follow-up after rituximab (RTX) treatment was significantly higher than those treated with oral immunosuppressants or untreated. There was no clear difference between anti-NMDAR encephalitis and NMOSD in the above immune cell subsets. Conclusion We suggested that the frequencies of CD24hiCD38hi transitional B cells and Tregs were decreased while the frequency of Tfh was increased in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. CD24hiCD38hi transitional B cells frequency may be a potential indicator to estimate the disease activity and severity.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation

Beijing Science and Technology Project

Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Program

Key Research and Development Plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China

Key Projects of Medical Development in Capital

Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Medical Development Plan

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Psychiatry and Mental health,Neurology (clinical),Dermatology,General Medicine

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