1. Bruckstein, A. and Netravali, N. 1990. On minimal energy trajectories. Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 49:283–296.
2. Chan, T., Shen, J., and Vese, L. 2003. Variational PDE Models in Image Processing. Notices Amer. Math. Soc., 50:14–26.
3. Cootes, T.F., Cooper, D., Taylor, C.J., and Graham, J. 1995. Active Shape Models—Their Training and Application. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 61:38–59.
4. Do Carmo, M.P. 1976. Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces, Prentice Hall, Inc.
5. Euler, L. 1744. Methodus Inveniendi Lineas Curvas Maximi Minimive Proprietate Gaudentes, Sive Solutio Problematis Isoperimetrici Lattisimo Sensu Accepti. Bousquet, Lausannae e Genevae, E65A. O. O. Ser. I, 24.