1. Friedlaender GE, Perry CR, Cole JD, Cook SD, Cierny G, Muschler GF, Zych GA, Calhoun JH, LaForte AJ, Yin S (2001) Osteogenic protein-1 (bone morphogenetic protein-7) in the treatment of tibial nonunions - A prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing rhOP-1 with fresh bone autograft. J Bone Joint Surg-Am 83A:S151–S158
2. Phieffer LS, Goulet JA (2006) Delayed unions of the tibia. J Bone Joint Surg-Am 88A:206–216
3. Bhandari M, Guyatt G, Tornetta P III, Schemitsch EH, Swiontkowski M, Sanders D, Walter SD, Study to Prospectively Evaluate Reamed Intramedullary Nails in Patients with Tibial Fractures Investigators (2008) Randomized trial of reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures. J Bone Joint Surg-Am 90A:2567–2578. doi: 10.2106/jbjs.g.01694
4. Lawyer RB, Lubbers LM (1980) Use of the Hoffmann apparatus in the treatment of unstable tibial fractures. J Bone Joint Surg-Am 62:1264–1273
5. Wu JJ, Shyr HS, Chao EYS, Kelly PJ (1984) Comparison of osteotomy healing under external fixation devices with different stiffness characteristics. J Bone Joint Surg-Am 66A:1258–1264