Abstract
AbstractEssential elements like Cu, Mn and Zn are extremely important for herbs’ growth and physiological functions; however, from a toxicological point of view, the exposure of these elements (as essential elemental impurities) can exhibit potential harmful effects for patients. In Europe, very popular are ointments with Marjoram herb extract (Majoranae herbae extractum) as herbal medicinal products for adjunctively in rhinitis (runny nose). Based on posology of ointments with Marjoram herb extract, the exposure to these elemental impurities may be high during long-term use. Hence, the aim of this article is the health risk assessment of essential elemental impurities (Cu, Mn and Zn) through the dermal exposure of ointments with Marjoram herb extract (Majoranae herbae extractum) as herbal medicinal products applied adjunctively in rhinitis available in Polish pharmacies. The investigated essential elements were determined by well-validated methodology (R > 0.997, recoveries, LOD and LOQ values were acceptable) based on flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Our results indicated that all analysed herbal medicinal products with Marjoram herb extract available in Polish pharmacies contain relatively low levels of essential element impurities, i.e. Cu (0.14–0.49 mg/kg), Mn (0.31–2.57 mg/kg) and Zn (0.73–3.19 mg/kg). The estimated exposure of the investigated elemental impurities confirms the safety of all products. To the best of our knowledge, the study about Cu, Mn and Zn contents in HMPs with Majoranae herbae extractum is described for the first time. The applied methodology and results are extremely important from regulatory toxicology point of view due to ICH Q3D elemental impurity guideline for pharmaceuticals.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Biochemistry (medical),Inorganic Chemistry,Clinical Biochemistry,General Medicine,Biochemistry,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Reference20 articles.
1. EMA/HMPC/166517/2015 Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC), European Union herbal monograph on Origanum majorana L., herba, Available 05 April 2021 at www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/draft-european-union-herbal-monograph-origanum-majorana-l-herba_en.pdf. Accessed 20 June 2021
2. Cano JH, Volpato G (2004) Herbal mixtures in the traditional medicine of Eastern Cuba. J Ethnopharmacol 90:293–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.10.012
3. Vasudeva P (2015) Origanum majorana L.-phyto-phamacological review. Ind J Nat Prod 6(4):261–267
4. Jurowski K, Krośniak M, Fołta M, Cole M, Piekoszewski W (2019) The toxicological analysis of Pb and Cd by ETAAS in local anaesthetics for teething (teething gels) based on herbs available in Polish pharmacies. Trace Elem Biol Med 52:18–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.11.005
5. Jurowski K, Krośniak M, Fołta M, Tatar B, Cole M, Piekoszewski W (2019) The toxicological analysis of Cu, Mn and Zn as elemental impurities in pharmaceutical herbal products for teething available in pharmacies in Poland. J Trace Elem Med Biol 53:109–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.02.011
Cited by
2 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献