Plants’ competition under autotoxicity effect: an evolutionary game

Abstract

AbstractWe develop a $$2\times 2$$ 2 × 2 evolutionary matrix game to model vegetation dynamics due to the effect of autotoxicity. The phenomenon of autotoxicity refers to the rise in soil of negative conditions for plant performance induced by the plants themselves. Relating the Nash Equilibrium Strategies of the game to the stability of the equilibrium points of the induced population dynamics, we investigate under which conditions coexistence of low and highly sensitive to autotoxicity plants occurs and under which a monospecific population dominates the competition. Based on this classification, we investigate the optimal distribution of the two distinct types of plants in order to maximize the cumulative total fitness and determine if this distribution is stable. The primary outcome of this study is to analyze the necessary conditions for achieving the highest total fitness in both mixed and monospecific populations of low-sensitivity plants. In contrast, we argue that a monospecific population of highly sensitive plants can never maximize overall fitness.