1. J.H. Holland: Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems (MIT, Cambridge 1992)
2. D.E. Goldberg: Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning (Addison Wesley, Indianapolis 1989)
3. S. Droste, T. Jansen, K. Tinnefeld, I. Wegener: A new framework for the valuation of algorithms for black-box optimization. In: Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, ed. by K.A. De Jong, R. Poli, J.E. Rowe (Morgan Kaufmann, Torremolinos 2002) pp. 253–270
4. M. Mitchell: An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms (MIT, Cambridge 1998)
5. M.D. Vose: The Simple Genetic Algorithm (MIT, Cambridge 1999)