1. American National Standard ANSI/AAMI HF18 (2001) Electrosurgical devices
2. Bovie W et al (1931) Electrosurgical apparatus. US Patent 1,813,902
3. Haag R (1993) Grundlagen der HF-Chirurgie. Krankenhaustechnik 3:36–37; 4:36–38
4. IEC 60601-2-2 (2009) Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of high frequency surgical equipment and high frequency surgical accessories. DIN, Beuth
5. Morrison Jr et al (1977) Electrosurgical method and apparatus for establishing an electrical discharge in an inert gas flow. US Patent 4,060,088