1. Booth Ken (1987): “Alliances”, In: John Baylis/Ken Booth/John Garnett/Phil Williams (Eds.): Contemporary Strategy, Vol.1, 2nd edition, London/Sidney, p. 258.
2. Boutros-Ghali Boutros (1963): Contribution a une Théorie générale des Alliances, Paris.
3. Christensen Thomas J./Snyder Jack (1990): „Chain Gangs and Passed Bucks: Predicting Alliance Patterns in Multipolarity“, In: International Organization V.44 No.2 (1990), pp.137–168.
4. Duncan George T./Siverson Randolph M. (1982): “Flexibility in Alliance Partner Choice in Multipolar Systems”, In: International Studies Quarterly V.26 No.4, pp.511–538.
5. Erich Rafael (1907): Über Allianzen und Allianzverhältnisse nach heutigem Völkerrecht, Helsingfors, p.23 and p.24.