Abstract
AbstractConsiderable progress has been made over the past years to better understand the genetic nature and pathophysiology of brain AVM. For the actual review, a PubMed search was carried out regarding the embryology, inflammation, advanced imaging, and fluid dynamical modeling of brain AVM. Whole-genome sequencing clarified the genetic origin of sporadic and familial AVM to a large degree, although some open questions remain. Advanced MRI and DSA techniques allow for better segmentation of feeding arteries, nidus, and draining veins, as well as the deduction of hemodynamic parameters such as flow and pressure in the individual AVM compartments. Nonetheless, complete modeling of the intranidal flow structure by computed fluid dynamics (CFD) is not possible so far. Substantial progress has been made towards understanding the embryology of brain AVM. In contrast to arterial aneurysms, complete modeling of the intranidal flow and a thorough understanding of the mechanical properties of the AVM nidus are still lacking at the present time.
Funder
Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Clinical Neurology,General Medicine,Surgery
Reference57 articles.
1. Ansari SA, Schnell S, Carroll T, Vakil P, Hurley MC, Wu C, Carr J, Bendok BR, Batjer H, Markl M (2013) Intracranial 4D flow MRI: toward individualized assessment of arteriovenous malformation hemodynamics and treatment-induced changes. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 34(10):1922–1928. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3537
2. Babin D, Pižurica A, Velicki L, Matić V, Galić I, Leventić H, Zlokolica V, Philips W (2017) Skeletonization method for vessel delineation of arteriovenous malformation. Comput Biol Med 93:93–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.12.011
3. Barbosa Do Prado L, Han C, Oh SP, Su H, Han C, Oh SP, Su H (2019) Recent advances in basic research for brain arteriovenous malformation. Int J Mol Sci 20(21):5324. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215324
4. Batjer HH, Aoun Sala G, Rahme Rudy J, Bendok Bernard R (2012) Red cerebral veins. The science, the art and the craft. Neurosurgery 59(supplement 1):22–33
5. Bayrak-Toydemir P, Stevenson DA (2011) Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Stephens K, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993–2020