1. J.E. Lilienfield, U.S. patents 1,745,175 (filed 1926, issued 1930), 1,877,140 (filed 1928, issued 1932), and 1,900,018 (filed 1928, issued 1933 )
2. see for example: W. Shockley, “The path to the conception of the junction transistor”, IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, Vol. 23, No. 7, p. 597, July 1976
3. see for example: D. Kahng, “A historical perspective on the development of MOS transistors and related devices”, IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, Vol. 23, No. 7, p. 655, July 1976
4. R.R. Troutman, Latchup in CMOS Technology Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1986