1. Blum, C., Dorigo, M.: The hyper-cube framework for ant colony optimization. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics—Part B 34(2), 1161–1172 (2004)
2. Dorigo, M., Stützle, T.: Ant Colony Optimization. MIT Press, Cambridge (2004)
3. Dorigo, M., Maniezzo, V., Colorni, A.: The Ant System: An autocatalytic optimizing process. Technical Report 91-016 Revised, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy (1991)
4. Dorigo, M.: Ottimizzazione, apprendimento automatico, ed algoritmi basati su metafora naturale. PhD thesis, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy (1992) (in Italian)
5. Dorigo, M., Maniezzo, V., Colorni, A.: Ant System: Optimization by a colony of cooperating agents. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics—Part B 26(1), 29–41 (1996)