1. Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of the Soft Scale Insects of the World (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) with Data on Geographical Distribution, Host Plants, Biology and Economic Importance. Flora & Fauna Handbook No. 9. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, FL, USA.
2. De Lotto, G. (1974) On the status and identity of the cochineal insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae).J. Entomol. Sac. South. Afr. 37:167–193.
3. Fernald, M.E. (1903) A Catalogue of the Coccidae of the World.Bull. Hatch Exp. Stn Mass. Agric. Coll. 88.
4. Signoret, V. (1877) Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homoptères — Coccides), 18e et dernière partie.Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. (sei: 5) 6:591–676.
5. Targioni Tozzetti, A. (1866) Come certe cocciniglie sieno cagione di alcune melate delle piante, e di alcune ruggini; e come la cocciniglia del fico dia in abbondanza una specie di cera.Atti R. Accad. Georgofili (n.s.) 13:115–137; App. 138–146.