1. In Churchill/Lowe’s view, the extent of the legislative jurisdiction of coastal States depends on the perception of the legal nature of the territorial sea. See The Law of the Sea (1999), 92.
2. They are: Barcelona 1976 (Mediterranean), Kuwait 1978 (Persian Gulf), Abidjan 1981 (West and Central Africa), Lima 1981 (South-East Pacific), Jeddah 1982(Red Sea), Cartagena 1983 (Wider Caribbean), Nairobi 1985 (Eastern Africa), Noumea 1986 (South Pacific), Bucharest 1992 (Black Sea) and Antigua Guatemala 2002 (Noth-East Pacific). Available at: (last visited: December 30, 2002).
3. “Foreign ships exercising the right of passage shall comply with the laws and regulations enacted by the coastal State in conformity with the present rules and other rules of international law and, in particular, with the laws and regulations relating to transport and navigation.” Art. 18 of the ILC’s 1956 draft. [1956] II YBILC 273 f.
4. Paragraph (2) of the Commentary on draft art. 18, ibid.
5. Paragraph (3) of the Commentary on draft art. 18, ibid.