1. See Jacques Roger, Les Sciences de la vie dans la pens�e fran�aise du XVIII e si�cle (Paris, Armand Colin, 1963), p. 325. Roger argues that ?preformation? should be reserved for those theories in which a miniature embryo is actually formed by the parent. ?Pre-existing germs? are miniatures supposedly created by God at the beginning of the universe.
2. See F. J. Cole, Early Theories of Sexual Generation (New York, Oxford University Press, 1930), p. 103.
3. See, for example, Contemplation de la nature, pt. 7, chap. 9. Oeuvres d'histoire naturelle et de philosophie de Ch. Bonnet (Neuchatel, 1779), 8, p. 60.
4. Consid�rations sur les corps organis�s, sect. XXVII, Oeuvres, 5, p. 100, and Contemplation, pt. 7, chap. 10, Oeuvres, 8, pp. 75?76.
5. See Consid�rations, sect. III, Oeuvres, 5, p. 84.