1. Alho, J. (1990). Stochastic methods in population forecasting. International Journal of Forecasting, 6(4), 521–530.
2. Alho, J. (1998). A stochastic forecast of the population of Finland. Reviews 1998/4. Helsinki: Statistics Finland.
3. Alho, J. (1999). On probabilistic forecasts of population and their uses. Paper for the 52nd session of the international statistical institute, Helsinki, 10–18 August.
4. Alho, J., & Spencer, B. (1985). Uncertain population forecasting. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 80(390), 306–314.
5. Alho, J., & Spencer, B. (2005). Statistical demography and forecasting. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer.