1. Bynner, Witter. 1972. The way of life according to Lao Tzu: An American version. New York: A Perigee Book. (A popular translation of the Laozi.)
2. Chan, Wing-tsit, trans. 1963. The way of Lao Tzu (Tao-tê ching). Translated with introductory essays, comments, and notes. New York: Bobbs-Merrill. (The author is an expert on Chinese philosophy. This book is a representative translation and useful reference for further translation.)
3. Chan, Wing-tsit, trans. 1973. A source book in Chinese philosophy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. (A very useful book for studies of Chinese philosophy.)
4. Chen, Chung-Hwan 陳忠寰. 1964. What does Lao-Tzu mean by the term ‘Tao’? Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies 4(2): 150–161. (The author is a specialist In Greek philosophy. His interpretation of the Laozi is rather faithful and insightful.)
5. Fu, Charles Wei-Hsun 傅偉勲. 1973. Lao Tzu’s concept of Tao. Inquiry 16: 367–394. (An experiment of interpretation of Laozi’s Dao from comparative and modern approaches.)