1. Ariola, Z. M., Felleisen, M., Maraist, J., Odersky, M. and Wadler, P. (1995). A call-by-need lambda calculus. 22nd Principles of Programming Languages. San Francisco, California, pp. 233–246.
2. Ariola, Z. M. and Klop, J. W. (1994). Cyclic lambda graph rewriting. Logic in Computer Science. IEEE Computer Society Press. Paris, France. pp. 416–425.
3. Barendregt, H. P. (1984). The Lambda Calculus: Its Syntax and Semantics. Revised edn. North-Holland.
4. Bloo, R. and Rose, K. H. (1995). Preservation of strong normalisation in named lambda calculi with explicit substitution and garbage collection. CSN '95 — Computer Science in the Netherlands. pp. 62–72. 〈url: ftp://ftp.diku.dk/diku/semantics/papers/ D-246.ps〉
5. Curien, P.-L. (1991). An abstract framework for environment machines. Theor. Comp. Sci. 82: 389–402.