1. Aristotle, On Sophistical Refutations.
2. Aristotle, Topics.
3. Carney, J. D., and R. K. Scheer (1980) Fundamentals of Logic. New York: Macmillan.
4. Eemeren, Frans H. van, Rob Grootendorst (1992) Argumentation, Communication and Fallacies. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
5. Eemeren, Frans H. van, Rob Grootendorst and Tjark Kruiger (1987) Handbook of Argumentation Theory. Dordrecht: Foris.