COVID-19 prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation: a scoping review of key concepts for future pandemic preparedness

Abstract

Abstract Aim This scoping review explores key concepts related to the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of COVID-19, offering insights for future pandemic preparedness and response strategies. Subject and methods A scoping review was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, EBSCO (CINAHL, APA PsycINFO), and Cochrane. The results were filtered for papers published in English, German, Italian, Spanish, and Dutch until 31 December 2022. Eighty-one articles were selected for the scoping review. Moreover, gray literature on guidelines was retrieved from reports by each country’s main institution for pandemic management, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and the World Health Organization (WHO). Results From the analyzed articles several key points emerged, highlighting main issues facing the COVID-19 pandemic. The challenges in prevention include emphasizing airborne precautions, addressing diverse adherence to social distancing, and overcoming challenges in digital contact tracing. In the realm of treatment, essential considerations include personalized patient management and the significance of holistic care. Rehabilitation efforts should prioritize post-COVID conditions and explore suggested management models. Addressing the social impact involves recognizing psychological effects, advocating for quality improvement initiatives, and for the restructuring of public health systems. Conclusion This scoping review emphasizes the profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global and European population, resulting in a significant death toll and widespread long-term effects. Lessons learned include the critical importance of coordinated emergency management, transparent communication, and collaboration between health authorities, governments, and the public. To effectively address future public health threats, proactive investment in infrastructure, international collaboration, technology, and innovative training is crucial.