1. Bai P, Zhang Y (2021) Digital economy, declining demographic dividends and the rights and interests of low- and medium-skilled labor. Econ Res J 2021(05):91–108
2. Brandolini A, Viviano E, Cipollone P (2006) Does the ILO definition capture all unemployment? J Eur Econ Assoc 4(1):153–179
3. Cai F, Du Y, Wang M (2013) Demystify the labor statistics in China. China Econ J 6(2–3):123–133
4. Chen G, Han J, Han K (2022) Urban digital economy development, skill-biased technological change and underemployment. China Ind Econ 2022(08):118–136
5. China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (2022) Report on the development of digital economy in china. China Academy of Information and Communications Technology Research Report, 2022