1. Quoted in Hans Vaihingen The Philosophy of As if: A System of the Theoretical, Practical and Religious Fictions of Mankind (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1965), 89.
2. L. J. Daston, “Mathematical Probability and the Reasonable Man of the Eighteenth Century,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 412 (Oct. 1983), 71.
3. D. Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature (London, 1739-40; repr. Oxford, 1978), 126, 132; I. Hacking, “How Should We Do the History of Statistics?,” in The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality, eds. G. Burchell/C. Gordon/P. Miller (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1991), 204.
4. Quoted in V. Zelizer, Morals and Markets: The Development of Life Insurance in the United States (New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1979), 74.
5. R. E. Wright/G. D. Smith, Mutually Beneficial: The Guardian and Life Insurance in America (New York and London: New York University Press, 2004), 19, 202